![]() (GREGG 459)ĭo not use prepositions with an en dash to express a range. 2–7) a range of time (Monday–Friday, 2010–2016, July–August) a range of other items (Articles I–IV). (CMOS 6.83)Īn en dash is also used to represent a minus sign. (CMOS 6.81)Īn en dash spans as with a range of pages (p. (in lieu of quotation marks 6.88)Ī hyphen links words to avoid ambiguity (e.g., a three-year-old dog).Ī hyphen is also used as a line break. "Only if -heaven forbid!-you lose your passport should you call home." (6.87) The influence of three impressionists-Monet, Sisley, and Degas-is obvious in her work. No spaces (not compatible with justified columns) "Put a space on both sides of a dash in all uses except the start of a paragraph and sports agate summaries." (AP 419) We offer the fastest service in town-and the best! ![]() We offer the fastest service in town- We are the best! When a sentence breaks off after a dash, leave a space before the next sentence. "Because columns in print are usually narrow, with few words to a line, the dash should be surrounded by spaces they provide openings for the computer to distribute spacing evenly when justifying type." (NYTM 88) Other modes of entering an em dash are: Windows (Alt 1051), Mac (Shift Option -) Unicode is (U+2014), HTML (-)Ī three em dash is - (6 hyphens) or 3 em dashes. Other modes of entering an en dash are: Windows (Alt 1050), Mac (Option -) Unicode is (U+2013), HTML (–)Īn em dash does not usually exist on a standard keyboard but can be represented with three hyphens. Unicode (U+2012 )Īn en dash does not usually exist on a standard keyboard but can be represented with two hyphens. Kiwi is shortened from kiwi fruit (singular or plural).ĭash with spaces or no spaces? "Because columns in print are usually narrow, with few words to a line, the dash should be surrounded by spaces they provide openings for the computer to distribute spacing evenly when justifying type." (NYTM 88)ĬMOS (Chicago Manual of Syles), NYTM (New York Times Manual) see Punctuation Notes below.Ī hyphen is a standard key on a keyboard. We bought fruit-mangoes, papayas, kiwi and bananas-at the market. If you are uncertain how to insert an em dash symbol, you can use two hyphens. If you are uncertain how to insert an en dash symbol, you can use a hyphen instead. Windows (Alt 1050), Mac (Shift Option -), Unicode (U+2013) HTML (–).Īn em dash is the width of a capital M. Unicode (U+2012)Īn en dash is half the length of an em dash. A hyphen is a standard key on the keyboard of a computer. "Never put off until tomorrow what you can do the day after just as well." (Shakespeare)Ī hyphen is slightly shorter than an en dash. ![]() JOURNALIST: "Will he run?" (See Quotation Marks #1.) There was only one thing left to do : leave! Note that each part is complete, can stand independently.) The boat is packed everything is in place. Rudy Giuliani wears "several hats" (e.g., attorney, businessman, politician and former NYC mayor.)įood, dry clothes, water and mobile phone: everything is packed. (Ellipsis points can also serve to indicate a pause.) He has a good explanation for everything, or so he thinks. Rudy Giulian, a passionate politician, wants you to get his point. The comment usually modifies, qualifies, clarifies or adds details to the text before it. Many consider commas to be more formal for setting off comments.Ĭommas set off comments closely related to the central idea of the sentence. Other forms of punctuation are more specific in use. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do the day after just as well. There was only one thing left to do -leave! His staff has been hired and his campaign is ready -everything is in place. Rudy Giuliani - attorney, businessman, politician and former NYC mayor-is on television again.ĭashes work well to visually separate a phrase already containing commas from the main sentence.įood, dry clothes, water and mobile phone-everything is packed! The reasons -if these walls could talk-are many. DASHES W/ SUDDEN BREAKS OF THOUGHT OR PAUSES He has a good explanation for everything -he thinks.Ģ. Rudy Giuliani -a passionate politician-wants you to get his point. Formally, they separate a list of items that already includes commas. Informally, they separate comments that stray from the central idea of the sentence. Dashes should not be overused.ĭashes set off loosely related comments and sudden breaks in thought. It may be used in place of commas, a semicolon, a colon, or parentheses.
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